A varied landscape in corruption risk ALINA MUNGIU-PIPPIDI AND IVA PARVANOVA (LUISS) The report assessed the public integrity framework and corruption risk for 41 European countries, European Union (EU), candidate countries (CCEU) and non-aligned countries (EUN- Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, UK). It finds that the ability of EU Member States in the North-West to control corruption differs widely from that of the South-East Member States; the group of non-EU European states is at the top of good governance, and candidate countries generally lag. As corruption results from opportunities not being properly mitigated and constraints being insufficient, the 2025 Index for Public Integrity (includes administrative transparency, budget transparency and online services as opportunities, and judicial independence, press freedom and digital citizens as constraints, see www.corruptionrisk.org) was used to plot countries across these two major groups of causes. The exercise resulted in one […]